An FSJ (Freiwilliges Soziales Jahr) is a voluntary social year. A BFD (Bundesfreiwilligendienst) is a similar federal volunteer service. An Ausbildung is vocational training that ends with a recognised qualification. Here are the differences.
Overview
| FSJ | BFD | Ausbildung | |
|---|---|---|---|
| What it is | Volunteer service, for example in care, social work, culture or sport | Volunteer service in similar fields | Vocational training at a company and a vocational school |
| Age | Under 27 | No upper age limit | No legal age limit |
| Length | Usually 12 months, 6 to 18 months | Usually 12 months, 6 to 18 months (24 in exceptions) | 2 to 3 years, some 3.5 years |
| Money per month (2026) | Pocket money, at most €676 | Pocket money, at most €676 | Training pay, at least €724 in the first year (training starting in 2026) |
| Result | Certificate of your service, work experience | Certificate of your service, work experience | Recognised professional qualification |
Sources: Youth Voluntary Services Act (JFDG), Federal Volunteer Service Act (BFDG), Federal Office for Family and Civil Society Tasks (BAFzA), BIBB, KMK. The €676 is the legal maximum. Many organisations pay less, and some also give food, housing or extra money.
When an FSJ or BFD makes sense
- You want to get to know Germany and the work before you commit for several years.
- You want to improve your German in daily life.
- You are interested in care or social work and want to try it first.
The German level you need depends on the organisation and the embassy. Volunteer services have their own visa. Check the requirements with your organisation and the German embassy in your country.
When an Ausbildung makes sense
- You know which profession you want.
- You want a recognised qualification and a regular job in Germany later.
- You have German at B1 or are close to it.
- You are ready for two to three and a half years of training.
Compare careers in our Ausbildung Explorer and read how to apply for an Ausbildung from abroad.
Can you do both?
Yes. Some people first do an FSJ or BFD and then start an Ausbildung, often in the same field. An FSJ does not give you a right to a training place, and an Ausbildung needs a new contract. For the change from a volunteer visa to an Ausbildung, ask the foreigners' office (Ausländerbehörde) in your town in good time.
